
我们给定了一个字符单链表,我们的任务是打印链表中出现次数最多的字符。如果多个字符出现的次数相同,则打印最后出现的字符。
单链表是一种由节点组成的线性数据结构。每个节点都包含数据和指向下一个节点的指针,该指针包含下一个节点的内存地址,因为分配给每个节点的内存不是连续的。
示例
假设我们已经给出了一个字符链接列表
示例 1
输入:LL = a -> b -> c -> c -> c
输出:最多出现的字符是 c。
解释:在给定的链表 LL 中,a 出现 1 次,b 出现 1 次,c 出现 3 次。因此,输出为c。
示例 2
输入:
LL = x -> x -> y -> y -> z -> z
输出:最大出现的字符是 z。
解释:在给定的链表LL中,x出现2次,y出现2次,z出现2次。所有的出现次数都相同,因为 z 出现在最后,因此输出是 z。
在这里我们将讨论两种方法。让我们看看下面的部分 -
方法一:迭代计算频率
这种方法的思想是,我们将遍历链表并计算每个字符的频率,然后找出频率最大的字符,如果多个字符具有相同的频率,则打印该字符返回最后一个字符。
示例
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// creating a class to have a structure for linked list nodes
class Node{
public:
char data; // variable to store the characters
Node* next = NULL; // variable to store the address of the next node
Node(char cur){
data = cur;
}
};
// function to print the elements of the linked list
void printLL(Node* head){
// creating a temporary pointer
Node* temp = head;
while(temp != nullptr){
cout<<temp->data<<" -> ";
temp = temp->next;
}
cout<<"NULL"<<endl;
}
// function to find the max frequency
void maxFreq(Node* head){
// traversing over the linked list for each character
// starting from the first character to the last character
int ans = 0; // variable to store the maximum frequency
char char_ans;
Node* temp_first = head; // variable to store the current first node
while(temp_first != nullptr){
int cur = 0; // variable to store the frequency of the current character
Node* temp = temp_first;
while(temp != nullptr){
if(temp->data == temp_first->data){
cur++;
}
temp = temp->next;
}
if(ans < cur){
ans = cur;
char_ans = temp_first->data;
}
temp_first = temp_first->next;
}
cout<<"The last character in the given linked list is '"<<char_ans<<"' with the frequency of "<< ans<<endl;
}
// main function
int main(){
// defining the linked list
Node* head = new Node('a');
head->next = new Node('b');
head->next->next = new Node('b');
head->next->next->next = new Node('c');
head->next->next->next->next = new Node('d');
head->next->next->next->next->next = new Node('d');
head->next->next->next->next->next->next = new Node('d');
cout<<"The given linked list is: "<<endl;
printLL(head);
maxFreq(head);
return 0;
}
输出
The given linked list is:
a -> b -> b -> c -> d -> d -> d -> NULL
The last character in the given linked list is 'd' with the frequency of 3
时间复杂度
:O(N*N),其中N是链表的大小。
空间复杂度:O(1)
方法 2:使用计数数组
这种方法的想法是,我们将维护计数数组,在其中存储每个字符的频率,然后遍历该数组并找到频率最高的字符。如果多个字符具有相同的频率,则打印该字符,然后返回最后一个字符。
示例
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
// creating a class to have a structure for linked list nodes
class Node{
public:
char data; // variable to store the characters
Node* next = NULL; // variable to store the address of the next node
Node(char cur){
data = cur;
}
};
// function to print the elements of the linked list
void printLL(Node* head){
// creating a temporary pointer
Node* temp = head;
while(temp != nullptr){
cout<<temp->data<<" -> ";
temp = temp->next;
}
cout<<"NULL"<<endl;
}
// function to find the max frequency
void maxFreq(Node* head){
int ans = 0; // variable to store the maximum frequency
char char_ans;
// traversing over the linked list for each lowercase character
for(char i = 'a'; i<= 'z'; i++){
Node* temp = head;
int cur = 0; // variable to store the frequency of the current character
while(temp != nullptr){
if(temp->data == i){
cur++;
}
temp = temp->next;
}
if(ans <= cur){
ans = cur;
char_ans = i;
}
}
cout<<"The last character in the given linked list is '"<<char_ans<<"' with the frequency of "<< ans<<endl;
}
int main(){
// defining the linked list
Node* head = new Node('a');
head->next = new Node('b');
head->next->next = new Node('b');
head->next->next->next = new Node('c');
head->next->next->next->next = new Node('e');
head->next->next->next->next->next = new Node('d');
head->next->next->next->next->next->next = new Node('d');
cout<<"The given linked list is: "<<endl;
printLL(head);
maxFreq(head);
return 0;
}
输出
The given linked list is:
a -> b -> b -> c -> e -> d -> d -> NULL
The last character in the given linked list is 'd' with the frequency of 2
时间复杂度
O(N),其
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