Nagios和Cacti整合（完整教材A）_超级码客_海量程序员面试题库 | 笔试题库

精品 Nagios和Cacti整合（完整教材A）

2025-02-20 15:50:29 [ 作者:小码客 ] 阅读数：3448

Cacti是一套基于PHP,MySQL,SNMP及RRDTool开发的网络流量监测图形分析工具。用来监控网络流量、cpu使用率、内存使用率、硬盘使用率等。可以直观的监控各种数据流量，可以安装扩展插件，同时支持短信邮件告警等功能。

Nagios是一个监视系统运行状态和网络信息的监视系统。Nagios能监视所指定的本地或远程主机以及服务，提供异常通知功能，同时还可以安装各种模块插件，自定义监控脚本等。

两者区别：Cacti偏重于网络流量，系统负载方面的监控。而 Nagios偏重于系统服务方面的监控，你可以在被监控的机器上写自己的程序(shell,c 或 perl都可以) 。Nagios则通过这些脚本来对服务进行监控。Nagios可以和短信发送机配合用来监控规模较大的网站。

安装扩展yum源

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[root@www ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

Retrieving http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.1jSHmn: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID 0608b895: NOKEY

Preparing... ########################################### [100%]

1:epel-release ########################################### [100%]

[root@www ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/epel*

/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo

##########CACTI#########

一、安装LAMP环境

1	`[root@www ~]# yum -y install httpd php php-mysql mysql mysql-server mysql-devel php-gd libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel`

二、安装net-snmp、php-snmp、net-snmp-utils

1	`[root@www ~]# yum -y install net-snmp net-snmp-utils net-snmp-libs php-snmp`

三、安装rrdtool图形整合工具

[root@www ~]# yum -y install rrdtool

[root@www ~]# rrdtool

Compiled Apr 3 2014 13:07:03

Usage: rrdtool [options] command command_options

Valid commands: create, update, updatev, graph, graphv, dump, restore,

last, lastupdate, first, info, fetch, tune,

resize, xport

RRDtool is distributed under the Terms of the GNU General

Public License Version 2. (www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html)

For more information read the RRD manpages

四、安装cacti主程序

下载cacti-0.8.8f.tar.gz

[root@www ~]# wget http://www.cacti.net/downloads/cacti-0.8.8f.tar.gz

[root@www ~]# tar zxf cacti-0.8.8f.tar.gz

[root@www ~]# mv cacti-0.8.8f /var/www/html/cacti/

[root@www ~]# chown -R root. /var/www/html/cacti/

初始化数据库

[root@www ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

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[root@www ~]# mysql_secure_installation

Enter current password for root (enter for none):

Set root password? [Y/n] y

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y

创建cacti数据库

1	`[root@www ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e "create database cacti"`

授权cacti数据库用户

1 2	`[root@www ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e "grant all on cacti.* to 'cacti'@'localhost' identified by 'cactipass';"` `[root@www ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e "flush privileges;"`

导入数据库文件

1	`[root@www ~]# mysql -uroot -p cacti < /var/www/html/cacti/cacti.sql`

修改cacti的配置文件config.php

[root@www ~]# vim /var/www/html/cacti/include/config.php

$database_type = "mysql";

$database_default = "cacti";

$database_hostname = "localhost";

$database_username = "cacti";

$database_password = "cactipass";

$database_port = "3306";

$database_ssl = false;

调整系统时区及时间

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[root@www ~]# yum -y install ntp

[root@www ~]# ntpdate ntpdate time.nist.gov ##同步时间

[root@www ~]# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime ##替换系统时区

配置php.ini文件的时区为Asia/Shanghai

1 2	`[root@www ~]# vim /etc/php.ini` `date.timezone =` `'Asia/Shanghai'`

添加抓图计划任务

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[root@www ~]# /usr/bin/php /var/www/html/cacti/poller.php

[root@www ~]# crontab -e

*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/php /var/www/html/cacti/poller.php

五、Web界面安装和配置cacti

http://192.168.1.21/cacti

New install

Finish

转到登录页面，默认登录名和密码都是admin，输入会提示修改密码,Save后显示cacti主页面

点击graphs查看生成的图形数据

六、安装cacti优化轮询器spine

下载cacti-spine，版本对应cacti的版本

[root@www ~]# wget http://www.cacti.net/downloads/spine/cacti-spine-0.8.8f.tar.gz

[root@www ~]# yum -y install gcc

[root@www ~]# tar zxf cacti-spine-0.8.8f.tar.gz

[root@www ~]# cd cacti-spine-0.8.8f

编译安装cacti-spine

[root@www cacti-spine-0.8.8f]# ./configure

[root@www cacti-spine-0.8.8f]# make

gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I./config -I/usr/include/mysql -g -O2 -MT sql.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/sql.Tpo -c -o sql.o sql.c

In file included from sql.c:34:

common.h:133:38: error: net-snmp/net-snmp-config.h: No such file or directory

common.h:134:32: error: net-snmp/utilities.h: No such file or directory

common.h:135:40: error: net-snmp/net-snmp-includes.h: No such file or directory

common.h:136:33: error: net-snmp/config_api.h: No such file or directory

common.h:137:30: error: net-snmp/mib_api.h: No such file or directory

In file included from spine.h:505,

from sql.c:35:

snmp.h:41: error: expected ‘;’, ‘,’ or ‘)’ before ‘*’ token

make: *** [sql.o] Error 1

报错提示：需安装net-snmp-devel解决依赖

1 2	`[root@www cacti-spine-0.8.8f]# yum -y install net-snmp-devel` `[root@www cacti-spine-0.8.8f]# yum install libtool`

[root@www cacti-spine-0.8.8f]# make

[root@www cacti-spine-0.8.8f]# make install

make[1]: Entering directory `/root/cacti-spine-0.8.8f'

/bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/spine/bin'

/bin/sh ./libtool --mode=install /usr/bin/install -c spine '/usr/local/spine/bin'

libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c spine /usr/local/spine/bin/spine

/bin/mkdir -p '/usr/local/spine/etc'

/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 spine.conf.dist '/usr/local/spine/etc'

make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/cacti-spine-0.8.8f'

You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

[root@www cacti-spine-0.8.8f]# ls /usr/local/spine/

bin etc

拷贝spine配置文件并修改相应配置

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[root@www ~]# cp /usr/local/spine/etc/spine.conf.dist /etc/spine.conf

[root@www ~]# vim /etc/spine.conf

DB_Host localhost

DB_Database cacti

DB_User cacti

DB_Pass cactipass

DB_Port 3306

启动spine

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[root@www ~]# /usr/local/spine/bin/spine

SPINE: Using spine config file [/etc/spine.conf]

SPINE: Version 0.8.8f starting

SPINE: Time: 0.1549 s, Threads: 5, Hosts: 2

cacti页面下设置spine的路径,完成配置

【console--->Settings--->Paths--->Spine Poller File Path--->/usr/local/spine/bin/spine】

选择spine轮询方式

【Poller--->Poller Type--->spine】

七、Cacti添加监控客户机

安装yum源

[root@sh ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.yun-idc.com/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

安装net-snmp

[root@sh ~]# yum -y install net-snmp net-snmp-devel net-snmp-utils

修改snmpd.conf配置文件

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[root@sh ~]# vim /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

55 view systemview included .1.3.6.1.2.1

162 #syslocation Unknown (edit /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf)

163 #syscontact Root <root@localhost> (configure /etc/snmp/snmp.local.conf)

164 syslocation 192.168.1.251 #本机IP

165 syscontact Root root@huangmingming.cn #接收邮件的邮箱

更改系统时间

1 2	`[root@sh ~]# ntpdate ntpdate time.nist.gov` `[root@sh ~]# cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime`

开启snmpd

1	`[root@sh ~]# /etc/init.d/snmpd start`

cacti服务端web设置，添加主机（Devices-->Add-->Description-->Hostname-->Host Template-->Number of Collection Threads-->SNMP Version-->Create---*Create Graphs for this Host-->选择要监控的模块）

将添加的主机加入到Graph Trees中

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[root@www ~]# /usr/local/spine/bin/spine

SPINE: Using spine config file [/etc/spine.conf]

SPINE: Version 0.8.8f starting

SPINE: Time: 0.1185 s, Threads: 1, Hosts: 3

##########NAGIOS#########

一、下载软件包

1、下载nagios核心源码包

wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios/files/latest/download

2、下载nagios插件nagios-plugins

wget http://www.nagios-plugins.org/download/nagios-plugins-2.1.1.tar.gz

3、下载客户端软件nrpe

wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/nagios/nrpe-2.x/nrpe-2.15/nrpe-2.15.tar.gz

http://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios-snmp/files/latest/download

二、添加nagios用户和nagcmd组

把nagios和apache添加到nagcmd组里

[root@www ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nagios

[root@www ~]# groupadd nagcmd

[root@www ~]# usermod -G nagcmd nagios

[root@www ~]# usermod -G nagcmd apache

[root@www ~]# id apache

uid=48(apache) gid=48(apache) groups=48(apache),502(nagcmd)

[root@www ~]# id nagios

uid=501(nagios) gid=501(nagios) groups=501(nagios),502(nagcmd)

[root@www ~]# mkdir /usr/local/nagios

[root@www ~]# chown -R nagios.nagios /usr/local/nagios

三、安装nagios-4.1.1.tar.gz

[root@www ~]# tar zxf nagios-4.1.1.tar.gz

[root@www ~]# cd nagios-4.1.1

编译

[root@www nagios-4.1.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios --sysconfdir=/etc/nagios --with-command-group=nagcmd

......

General Options:

-------------------------

Nagios executable: nagios

Nagios user/group: nagios,nagios

Command user/group: nagios,nagcmd

Event Broker: yes

Install ${prefix}: /usr/local/nagios

Install ${includedir}: /usr/local/nagios/include/nagios

Lock file: ${prefix}/var/nagios.lock

Check result directory: ${prefix}/var/spool/checkresults

Init directory: /etc/rc.d/init.d

Apache conf.d directory: /etc/httpd/conf.d

Mail program: /bin/mail

Host OS: linux-gnu

IOBroker Method: epoll

Web Interface Options:

------------------------

HTML URL: http://localhost/nagios/

CGI URL: http://localhost/nagios/cgi-bin/

Traceroute (used by WAP):

Review the options above for accuracy. If they look okay,

type 'make all' to compile the main program and CGIs.

安装

[root@www nagios-4.1.1]# make all

*** Compile finished ***

If the main program and CGIs compiled without any errors, you

can continue with installing Nagios as follows (type 'make'

without any arguments for a list of all possible options):

make install

- This installs the main program, CGIs, and HTML files

make install-init

- This installs the init script in /etc/rc.d/init.d

make install-commandmode

- This installs and configures permissions on the

directory for holding the external command file

make install-config

- This installs *SAMPLE* config files in /etc/nagios

You'll have to modify these sample files before you can

use Nagios. Read the HTML documentation for more info

on doing this. Pay particular attention to the docs on

object configuration files, as they determine what/how

things get monitored!

make install-webconf

- This installs the Apache config file for the Nagios

web interface

make install-exfoliation

- This installs the Exfoliation theme for the Nagios

web interface

make install-classicui

- This installs the classic theme for the Nagios

web interface

*** Support Notes *******************************************

[root@www nagios-4.1.1]# make install

[root@www nagios-4.1.1]# make install-init

[root@www nagios-4.1.1]# make install-commandmode

[root@www nagios-4.1.1]# make install-config

[root@www nagios-4.1.1]# ls /usr/local/nagios/

bin libexec sbin share var

[root@www nagios-4.1.1]# ls /etc/nagios/

cgi.cfg nagios.cfg objects resource.cfg

[root@www nagios-4.1.1]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /etc/nagios/nagios.cfg

Nagios Core 4.1.1

Last Modified: 08-19-2015

License: GPL

Website: https://www.nagios.org

Reading configuration data...

Read main config file okay...

Read object config files okay...

Running pre-flight check on configuration data...

Checking objects...

Checked 8 services.

Checked 1 hosts.

Checked 1 host groups.

Checked 0 service groups.

Checked 1 contacts.

Checked 1 contact groups.

Checked 24 commands.

Checked 5 time periods.

Checked 0 host escalations.

Checked 0 service escalations.

Checking for circular paths...

Checked 1 hosts

Checked 0 service dependencies

Checked 0 host dependencies

Checked 5 timeperiods

Checking global event handlers...

Checking obsessive compulsive processor commands...

Checking misc settings...

Total Warnings: 0

Total Errors: 0

Things look okay - No serious problems were detected during the pre-flight check

[root@www ~]# chkconfig --add nagios

[root@www ~]# chkconfig nagios on

四、安装插件nagios-plugins-2.1.1.tar.gz

编译安装

[root@www ~]# tar zxf nagios-plugins-2.1.1.tar.gz

[root@www ~]# cd nagios-plugins-2.1.1

[root@www nagios-plugins-2.1.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios

[root@www nagios-plugins-2.1.1]# make && make install

[root@www nagios-plugins-2.1.1]# ls /usr/local/nagios/

bin include libexec sbin share var

五、安装nrpe-2.15.tar.gz

[root@www ~]# tar zxf nrpe-2.15.tar.gz

[root@www ~]# cd nrpe-2.15

[root@www nrpe-2.15]# ./configure

[root@www nrpe-2.15]# make all

[root@www nrpe-2.15]# cd src/

[root@www src]# make install

[root@www src]# make install-pligin

六、Apache配置

设置nagios验证用户和密码

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[root@www ~]# htpasswd -c /etc/nagios/passwd nagiosadmin

New password:

Re-type new password:

Adding password for user nagiosadmin

http.conf配置

[root@www ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

242 User apache

243 Group apache

402 DirectoryIndex index.html index.html.var index.php

781 AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml

在最后增加以下内容：

#setting for nagios

ScriptAlias /nagios/cgi-bin "/usr/local/nagios/sbin"

<Directory "/usr/local/nagios/sbin">

AuthType Basic

Options ExecCGI

AllowOverride None

Order allow,deny

Allow from all

AuthName "Nagios Access"

AuthUserFile /etc/nagios/passwd

Require valid-user

</Directory>

Alias
.........................................................

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